To be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) you must meet a specific combination of criteria across two domains: A) Social communication and social interaction; and B) Repetitive or restricted behaviour, interests or activities. Because of the variability in autism, the diagnosic criteria (DSM5) provides severity levels 1 to 3 for each of the two domains to reflect the degree certain behaviours impact with a persons life. These ratings may vary across a persons lifespan.
FAQ
The following is a list of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) about autism, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Asperger’s syndrome. The questions have been gathered directly from online search information and call centre data. The questions do not reflect our perspective or philosophy, however, the answers are based on solid evidence, research and the latest information relating to autism. More information can be found throughout this website.
What is autism?
What are the main causes of autism?
Significant research is being conducted all over the world into the causes of autism. Autism is heterogeneous, meaning there is unlikely to be one single cause for all types of autisms. For many types of autism, a range of genetic causes contribute to a person having autism, while for other types of autism, the causes are unknown.
Can autism be cured?
Autism can not be cured, however, early diagnosis and intervention can help to teach children skills necessary for a full, productive and satisfying life.
Is autism a disability?
Autism is a neurological developmental difference, clinically referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). For may people autism impact their life significantly, while other autistic people they define autism as simply a different way of thinking. Some people with autism may have co-conditions, including different types of disabilities.
How common is autism?
The exact prevalence of autism in Australia and internationally is unknown. In 2015, The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) reported that there were 164,000 Australians with autism, which is around 1% of the population.
How does autism affect behaviour?
Autism can influence the way that a person interprets, responds and interacts to others and the environment around them. This can mean that the behaviours of a person on the autism spectrum can be unexpected to the people around them.
What is high functioning autism?
High-functioning autism usually refers to people with autism who have no intellectual disability, or delay in verbal speech development, and whose symptoms of autism has less of an impact on their daily life.
What is Asperger’s and high functioning Asperger’s?
Asperger’s Syndrome was a diagnosis under the DSM-4. Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer diagnosed under DSM-5, with people that do not have a language delay or an Intellectually Disability as per Aspergers in DSM-4, now being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) under DSM-5.
Is autism genetic?
There are many possible genes that researchers have identified as potentially playing a role in the development of autism. Some studies have shown that if there is one person in a family diagnosed with autism, it can increase the likelihood of others in the family also being on the autism spectrum. Other genetic causes such as de nova variations are not directly passed.
What are autism symptoms?
The symptoms (signs and characteristics) relating to autism occur across two domains: A) Social communication and social interaction; and B) Repetitive or restricted behaviour, interests or activities and vary greatly depending on gender, age, cognition and a range of other factors.
What are symptoms of autism in boys?
The symptoms (signs and characteristics) relating to autism occur across two domains: A) Social communication and social interaction; and B) Repetitive or restricted behaviour, interests or activities and vary greatly depending on gender, age, cognition and a range of other factors.
What are symptoms of autism in girls?
The symptoms (signs and characteristics) relating to autism occur across two domains: A) Social communication and social interaction; and B) Repetitive or restricted behaviour, interests or activities and vary greatly depending on gender, age, cognition and a range of other factors.
What are the early signs of autism?
Babies and young children develop at their own pace, and in different ways. Each developmental milestone comes with its own ‘average’ range. If these milestones are not met in a particular timeframe, or order, then a ‘red flag’ may be raised to investigate why. Here is a list of the signs of autism in early childhood.
What are the Asperger’s symptoms in adults?
Asperger’s Syndrome was a diagnosis under the DSM-4. Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer diagnosed under DSM-5, with people that do not have a language delay or an Intellectually Disability as per Aspergers in DSM-4, now being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) under DSM-5. People that have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome, will continue to have the Asperger’s Syndrome diagnosis.
What are the signs of autism in teens?
There are a number of traits or characteristics that may make you think your teenager is on the autism spectrum. These cover a range of human behaviours, from social communication and social interaction, to restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory processing. Here is a list of the signs of autism that may occur in teenagers.
What is stimming?
Stimming is short for self-stimulatory behavior, which usually refers to specific repetitive behaviours such as hand-flapping, rocking, spinning, or repetition of words and phrases.
Can someone outgrow autism?
You can’t “outgrow” autism, but as it is a developmental disorder, early diagnosis and intervention can help to teach children with autism the necessary skills for a full, productive and satisfying life.
What is autistic behaviour?
Because autism can impact the way a person interprets, responds and interacts to others and their environment, a person on the autism spectrum can sometimes behave in ways that are unexpected or challenging to the people around them.
Are there different types of autism?
Autism is a spectrum, which means that ever one persons experience of autism is different.
How does autism affect development?
While there are many reasons why a child might experience differences in their development, sometimes, the reason babies and toddlers will have developmental differences to their peers is because they are on the autism spectrum. Here is a list of the developmental signs of autism in early childhood.
How does autism affect learning?
Some children on the spectrum are often diagnosed during their primary school years, when it becomes more obvious that their communication, social interaction and behavioural traits are different to those of their peers. Here is a checklist of signs of autism in school years.
What is the difference between Asperger’s and autism?
Asperger’s Syndrome , diagnosed under the DSM-4, refers to a person that meets the criteria for autism and does not have an intellectual disability or a language delay. People diagnosed with autism or an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) many have a co-occurring intellectual disability or a language delay.
What is high functioning Asperger’s?
Asperger’s Syndrome , diagnosed under the DSM-4, referes to a person that meets the criteria for autism and does not have an intellectual disability or a language delay.
What is mild Asperger’s?
Asperger’s Syndrome was a diagnosis under the DSM-4. Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer diagnosed under DSM-5, with people that do not have a language delay or an Intellectually Disability as per Aspergers in DSM-4, now being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
What is the difference between OCD and autism?
OCD and autism are different disorders. Find out more about OCD and its relationship to autism here.
What is the difference between autism and autistic?
They are one and the same. The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the clinical definition for autism. Some people chose to be referred to as “an autistic person”, while others prefer to be referred to “a person with autism”.
Can autism run in the family?
Research has shown that having one person in a family with autism can increase the likelihood of others in the family also being on the autism spectrum if the cause of that autism is genetic.
Can autism develop later in life?
Autism is a neurological developmental difference that a person is born with. Many people may not notice the identify the charataristics as autistic until later in life.
What is an autistic savant?
While this term is rarely used, an autistic savant, refers to a person on the autism spectrum with a significant intellectual disability with exceptional cognitive skills in a particular area.
How common is a savant in autism?
Savant Syndrome is extremely rate. While around 29% of people on the autism spectrum have skills that are considered exceptional, such as remembering and recalling information, this is what is known as splinter skills and does not meet the classification of Savant Syndrome.
Is autism a learning disability?
Autism is a neurological developmental difference, not a learning difficulty, however, it can have an impact on a persons ability to learn at the same rate as their peers. Some people with autism may have co-conditions including learning difficulties.
How can I find out what caused my child’s autism?
In most individuals it is currently not possible to identify the exact cause of autism. There are a few genetic syndromes associated with autism (for example, Rett syndrome and fragile X syndrome) in which the genetic cause is known. Scientists have also identified a number of rare genetic changes that are major contributors to autism. In about 25 percent of autism cases, a specific genetic cause can be identified. The remaining 75 percent of cases likely involve a complex combination of genetic factors and yet-to-be identified environmental influences. At this time, there is no evidence that specific chemicals in the environment, immunisation practices or dietary differences cause autism.
How can I be sure vaccines have nothing to do with autism?
Immunisations are a cornerstone of public health and protect people from many debilitating and deadly infectious diseases. Government agencies routinely conduct thorough analyses of the current medical and scientific evidence on vaccine safety and vaccine-related adverse events. While there is evidence of some rare adverse events related to vaccines, such as seizures, inflammation of the brain and fainting, there is conclusive evidence that there are no links between immunisation and autism.
What if I suspect I have autism?
If you feel as though you, your child, or someone you love is on the autism spectrum, it is recommended that you speak with your general practitioner (GP) to start the diagnostic process.
Is there a connection between autism and epilepsy?
Some other neurological conditions such as Epilepsy, have been reported as occurring among people with autism. Current statistics show that 3% of Australians have epilepsy, while 5% – 46% of people with autism have some type of epilepsy.
What are sensory issues?
Everyone experiences sensory inputs differently, but for many on the spectrum, the differences can be significant. Some people on the spectrum can be oversensitive (hypersensitive) to things like noise, light, clothing or temperature, or can be undersensitive and not notice cold or taste.
How can you tell if someone has autism?
The developmental differences, signs and characteristics of autism can vary widely in nature and severity from person to person, and can also develop, change and improve over time. Here are some of the common signs and symptoms of autism.
Getting a diagnosis
Where do I go to get a diagnosis?
Local autism association, GP referral for public hospital system, private providers.
What should I do when I first receive a diagnosis?
Apply for NDIS funding, Centrelink Allowance and speak with your GP or Paediatrician about Medicare plans. Contact your local autism association.
Why is Asperger’s syndrome not diagnosed anymore?
Asperger’s syndrome was not included in the new DSM-5 diagnostic category since it was put in place in 2013. If an individual was diagnosed with Asperger’s prior to 2013, their diagnosis stands, but an individual will now be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders under the DSM-5 diagnostic tool.
How do you diagnose Asperger’s in adults?
Asperger’s syndrome is no longer diagnosed separately to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To receive a diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) you will need to contact your local GP, or get in touch with your local autism support service for more information.
What is the cost of getting a diagnosis?
The cost of getting an autism diagnosis varies depending on age, location and approach. Here is some information on the financial supports available to you.
Is there an autism diagnosis test online?
No. Autism can only be diagnosed by a professional medical practitioner. You can find out more about the diagnostic process here.
At what age should I get a diagnosis?
You can seek an autism diagnosis at any age. Although a reliable diagnosis by a health professional with expertise in autism will most often occur from when the child is 18 months or older.
What are the autism diagnosis waiting times?
Waiting times for diagnosis vary depending on states and territories and the diagnostic services engaged to get a diagnosis.
How do you tell someone that you have autism?
It is up to you how you choose to broach the subject of your diagnosis with people. You may find it useful to explain what autism is in a simple way, so that people understand what you mean by “autism”. For a simple definition of autism go to our what is autism page. You may also find it useful to seek help of an autism advocate, who can assist you to speaking to people such as your teachers, boss, colleagues or friends about autism, and how it specifically relates to you, your relationships and environment.
Support & services
What income support can I get through the government?
The Australian Government provides a range of financial and income supports for children, teenagers and adults with autism, and their carers.
How do I find services for my child?
Visit our support and services page to find more information about autism support services available throughout Australia for children and adults on the autism spectrum.
Will my child be able to attend school?
Yes. There are endless schooling options for children with autism. Each educational sector has its own eligibility requirements, which are often be based on: the needs of the individual, any co-occurring conditions, additional needs such as low vision/hearing, location, and availability.
Ask the school to explain the options that are available to you, and speak to your child, teachers, and health professionals about the best option for your child.
How do I find an occupational therapist?
For detailed information about occupational therapy, visits our occupational therapy page where you’ll find links the Occupational Therapy Australia website, which lists registered OTs in Australia.
How do I find a speech pathologist?
For detailed information about speech pathologists, visits our speech pathology page where you’ll find links the Speech Pathology Australia website, which lists registered speech pathologists in Australia.
How do I find a psychologist?
For detailed information about psychologists, visits our psychologists page where you’ll find links the Australian Psychological Society website, which lists registered psychologists in Australia.
How do I find a psychiatrist?
For detailed information about psychiatrists, visits our psychiatrists page where you’ll find links the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists website, listing registered psychiatrists in Australia.
What school support is available?
Each state and territory school sector (Government, Catholic or Independent) offers different types of support for students with autism. Support available to your child is dependent on a number of factors. Find out more at our autism support in school years page.
Are there jobs for people with autism?
There are a number of support options available to help people on the autism spectrum to find and maintain work if needed. One of the best places to start is a Government organisation that specialises in disability employment.
Are there autism support groups?
There are a large number of support services and support groups for people on the autism spectrum, and their families. Start by visiting our support and services homepage, or head to our resources page for a list of recommended autism support providers in your area.
What is it like to parent a child with autism?
Everyone’s experience of autism is different. In some instances, you may find that it can be emotionally and/or physically demanding supporting the needs of your child with autism. Here’s a list of support services in the community that may help you.
Where can I get autism help?
There are a range of support services available to assist you, or your child or dependant with autism. Start with our support and services page for specific services for your age group or needs.
What is early intervention?
Children who are diagnosed with autism before the age of seven can benefit from what is called ‘early intervention’. Early intervention combines practices, interventions and therapies that help children develop skills that can improve their quality of life. Early intervention can be important because new skills are much easier to learn when you’re very young.
What behaviour therapy is the best?
Behavioural practitioners or psychologists can help you address behaviours of concern, and identify the best therapeutic approach for you and/or your child with autism.
What is respite?
Respite, also known as short term accommodation, provides options for someone to look after your child, or adult dependant, for a period of time (in groups or individually) ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. Respite allows you to take a break, recharge, look after yourself, or other children for a short period of time, to benefit yourself and your child or dependent.
Can people with autism spectrum disorder live independently?
Yes. Many people with autism need little or no support in living independently. There are a range of accommodation and housing options available for individuals, to enable independent living, or living at home, depending on your needs.
Strategies & interventions
What are some strategies to working with autistic children?
For a list of autism resources for teachers and carers working with children with autism, go to our resources page.
What is ABA therapy?
Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is a range of techniques or strategies used in a structured behavioural approach. It involves identifying a behaviour, teaching a skill, setting a goal to achieving that skill and breaking it into tiny steps to be taught in a structured way.
How can I help children with autism?
You can help children with autism by getting involved in support services in the community, or by becoming an autism advocate.
Where can I find positive support strategies for autism?
Positive support strategies and practices for autism are generally designed to address a single skill or goal and include things like: visual supports, video modelling, prompting, reinforcement, and time delay. Visit our strategies and interventions page for a full list of positive strategies to support people on the autism spectrum.
Teaching strategies for students with autism?
For a list of autism resources for teachers working with children with autism, go to our classroom resources list on our resources page.
How do you explain autism to kids?
There are a number of ways to do this, but we recommend sticking to the facts, and explaining what autism is in a simple and positive way. As described on the what is autism page of our website. For a first-hand example of how one Australian family introduced the concept of autism to their son, go to: My brother Tom: by Hannah Neale.
General
What date is World Autism Awareness day?
World Autism Awareness Day is the 2 April every year.
Why is autism more prevalent today than it was in previous decades?
While the reported prevalence of autism has seen a clear increase in the number of people diagnosed on the autism spectrum in recent years, this doesn’t necessarily suggest that there are more autistic people in the world now. Evidence suggests that the increase is the result of a number of cultural and clinical factors, including greater awareness of autism, and improved diagnostic procedures. Changes in diagnostic criteria has also meant that the broader spectrum of symptoms is now recognised.
Where can I find an autism charity?
Go to our resources page to find a list of Australian autism service providers who will be able provide local information about charitable events, organisations and fundraisers.
Where can you find autism training?
Go to our resources page to find a list of Australian autism service providers, many of whom offer autism training services.
Where can I find autism books?
Go to our resources page to find a list of books and where you can purchase them.
Where can I find books for autistic children?
Go to our resources page to find a list of children’s books and where you can purchase them.
Who discovered autism?
The term ‘autism’ was defined by Leo Kanner in 1943.
What type of research is being done about autism?
Significant research is being conducted all over the world into autism including the causes of autism, prevalence, strategies and interventions and related co-conditions. Read our what is autism page for a complete overview.
How should I refer to people affected by autism?
Ask them how they would like to be referred to. Some people like to be referred to as “autistic” while other prefer to be referred to as a “person with autism”. Some like to say they are “on the spectrum”, while many now prefer the term “neurodiverse”.
What is neurodiversity?
A movement which celebrates neurological differences.
Where can I learn more about autism?
Head to our homepage and use the search function to find out anything you might need to know.