To be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) you must meet a specific combination of criteria across two domains: A) Social communication and social interaction; and B) Repetitive or restricted behaviour, interests or activities. Because of the variability in the experiences of autism, the diagnostic criteria (DSM5) provides severity levels 1 to 3 for each of the two domains to reflect the degree certain impact on a person’s life.
常见问题
The following is a list of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs) about autism, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Asperger’s syndrome. The questions have been gathered directly from online search information and call centre data. More information can be found throughout this website.
什么是自闭症？
孤独症的主要原因是什么？
Significant research is being conducted all over the world into the causes of autism. Autism is heterogeneous, meaning there is unlikely to be one single cause for all types of autisms. For many types of autism, a range of genetic causes contribute to a person being autistic, while for other types of autisms, the causes are unknown.
孤独症能治愈吗？
Autism cannot be cured, however, early diagnosis and supports and services can help support a child’s development.
孤独症是残疾吗？
Autism is a neurological developmental difference, clinically referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). For may people autism impact their life significantly, while other autistic people they define autism as simply a different way of thinking. Some autistic people identify as having a disability or being disabled, while others do not.
孤独症有多常见？
The exact prevalence of autism in Australia and internationally is unknown. In 2022, The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) reported that there were 290,000 autistic Australians, which is around 1% of the population.
孤独症如何影响行为？
Autism can influence the way that a person interprets, responds and interacts to others and the environment around them. This can mean that the behaviours of a person on the autism spectrum can be unexpected to the people around them. Additionally, non-autistic beahviours can be unexpected to an autistic person.
什么是高功能自闭症？
High-functioning autism is not a diagnostic term. When people use this term, they are often refers to an autistic person that has low support needs.
什么是阿斯伯格和高功能阿斯伯格的？
Asperger’s Syndrome was a diagnosis under the DSM-4. Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer diagnosed under DSM-5, however the diagnosis required a person to not have a language delay or an Intellectually Disability under the DSM-4.
孤独症是遗传的吗？
There are many possible genes that researchers have identified as potentially playing a role in the development of autism. Some studies have shown that if there is one person in a family with an autism diagnosis, it can increase the likelihood of others in the family also being on the autism spectrum. Other genetic causes such as de nova variations are not directly passed on from parents, but are variations that occur during fetal development.
男孩的自闭症症状是什么？
与自闭症相关的症状（体征和特征）发生在两个领域：A） 社会沟通和社会互动;和 B） 重复或受限的行为、兴趣或活动，因性别、年龄、认知和一系列其他因素而有很大差异。
女孩的自闭症症状是什么？
与自闭症相关的症状（体征和特征）发生在两个领域：A） 社会沟通和社会互动;和 B） 重复或受限的行为、兴趣或活动，因性别、年龄、认知和一系列其他因素而有很大差异。
孤独症的早期症状是什么？
婴儿和幼儿以他们自己的速度，以不同的方式发展。每个发展里程碑都有其自己的"平均"范围。如果在特定时间范围或顺序中未满足这些里程碑，则可能会发出"危险信号"以调查原因。以下是幼儿期自闭症的迹象列表。
阿斯伯格在成人中的症状是什么？
Asperger’s Syndrome was a diagnosis under the DSM-4. Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer diagnosed under DSM-5, with people that do not have a language delay or an Intellectually Disability as per Aspergers in DSM-4, now being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) under DSM-5. People that have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome, may identify as Aspergers, Aspy, autistic or however they like.
青少年中自闭症的迹象是什么？
There are a number of characteristics that may make you think your teenager is on the autism spectrum or autistic. These cover a range of human behaviours, from social communication and social interaction, to restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory processing. Here is a list of the signs of autism that may occur in teenagers.
什么是刺激？
刺激是自我刺激行为的缩写，通常指特定的重复行为，如手拍、摇摆、旋转或重复单词和短语。
有人能摆脱孤独症吗？
You can’t “outgrow” autism, autism is innately who a person is, but as it is a developmental disorder, early diagnosis and supports and services can help to support child development.
什么是自闭症行为？
Because autism influences the way a person interprets, responds and interacts to others and their environment, an autistic person can sometimes behave in ways that are unexpected or challenging to the people around them, in the same way that that autistic person may find non-autistic peoples behaviour unexpected.
有不同类型的自闭症吗？
There is a full diversity of autistic experiences, which means that every persons experience of autism is different.
孤独症如何影响发育？
虽然孩子在发育上可能经历差异的原因有很多，但有时，婴儿和幼儿与同龄人有发育差异的原因是因为他们属于自闭症谱系。以下是幼儿期自闭症的发展迹象。
孤独症如何影响学习？
Some autistic children are often diagnosed during their primary school years, when it becomes more obvious that their communication, social interaction and behavioral characteristics are unique to non-autistic peers. Here is a checklist of signs of autism in school years.
阿斯伯格和自闭症有什么区别？
Asperger’s Syndrome , diagnosed under the DSM-4, refers to a person that meets the criteria for autism and does not have an intellectual disability or a language delay. People diagnosed as autistic or an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) many have a co-occurring intellectual disability or a language delay.
什么是高功能阿斯伯格的？
Asperger’s Syndrome , diagnosed under the DSM-4, referred to a person that meets the criteria for autism and does not have an intellectual disability or a language delay.
什么是温和的阿斯伯格的？
阿斯伯格综合症是DSM-4下的诊断。阿斯伯格综合症不再根据 DSM-5 诊断，根据 DSM-4 中的阿斯伯格，没有语言延迟或智力障碍的人，现在被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍。
OCD和自闭症有什么区别？
OCD和自闭症是不同的疾病。了解更多关于OCD及其与自闭症的关系在这里。
孤独症和自闭症有什么区别？
They are one and the same. The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the clinical definition for autism. Some people chose to be referred to as “an autistic person”, while others prefer to be referred to “a person on the autism spectrum”.
孤独症能一发生在家庭里吗？
Research has shown that having one person in a family being on the autism spectrum can increase the likelihood of others in the family also being autistic if the cause of that autisms is genetic.
孤独症在以后的生活中会发展吗？
孤独症是一个人与生俱来的一种神经发育差异。许多人可能直到晚年才注意到这种孤独症的认同。
什么是自闭症专家？
While this term is rarely used, an autistic savant, refers to a person on the autism spectrum with a significant intellectual disability with exceptional cognitive skills in a particular area. This is a diagnosis under the DSM-5.
孤独症中的智者有多常见？
萨凡特综合症是极率。虽然大约29%的自闭症患者拥有被认为是特殊技能的技能，例如记忆和回忆信息，但这就是所谓的分裂技能，不符合Savant综合症的分类。
孤独症是学习障碍吗？
Autism is a neurological developmental difference, not a learning difficulty, however, it can have an impact on a persons ability to learn at the same rate as their peers. Some autistic people may have a co-occurring learning disability.
我如何找出导致我的孩子的自闭症的原因？
在大多数个体中，目前还不能确定孤独症的确切原因。有几个与自闭症相关的遗传综合征（例如，雷特综合征和脆弱的X综合征），其中遗传原因是已知的。科学家还发现了一些罕见的基因变化，这些基因变化是孤独症的主要诱因。在大约25%的自闭症病例中，可以确定特定的遗传原因。其余75%的病例可能涉及遗传因素和尚未确定的环境影响的复杂组合。目前，没有证据表明环境中的特定化学物质、免疫做法或饮食差异会导致自闭症。
我怎么能确定疫苗与自闭症无关？
免疫是公共卫生的基石，保护人们免受许多使人衰弱和致命的传染病的侵害。政府机构定期对目前有关疫苗安全和疫苗相关不良事件的医学和科学证据进行彻底分析。虽然有证据表明一些与疫苗有关的罕见不良事件，如癫痫发作、大脑炎症和昏厥，但有确凿证据表明免疫接种与自闭症之间没有联系。
如果我怀疑我有自闭症怎么办？
如果你觉得你、你的孩子或你爱的人是自闭症谱系，建议你与全科医生（GP）交谈，开始诊断过程。
孤独症和癫痫有联系吗？
Some other neurological conditions such as Epilepsy, have been reported as occurring among autistic people. Current statistics show that 3% of Australians have epilepsy, while 5% – 46% of people on the autism spectrum have some type of epilepsy.
什么是感官问题？
Everyone experiences sensory inputs differently, but for many on the spectrum, the differences can be significant. Some people on the spectrum can be oversensitive (hypersensitive) to things like noise, light, clothing or temperature, or can be undersensitive (hyposensitive) and not notice cold, taste or pain.
你如何判断某人是否有自闭症？
The developmental differences, signs and characteristics of autism can vary widely in nature and support needs from person to person, and can also develop, change and improve over time. Here are some of the common signs and symptoms of autism.
获得诊断
为什么阿斯伯格综合症不再被诊断出来？
Asperger’s syndrome was not included in the new DSM-5 diagnostic category since it was put in place in 2013. If an individual was diagnosed with Asperger’s prior to 2013, their diagnosis stands, but an individual will now be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders under the DSM-5 diagnostic manual.
你如何诊断阿斯伯格在成人？
阿斯伯格综合征不再单独诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。要获得自闭症谱系障碍 （ASD） 的诊断，您需要联系您当地的 GP，或联系您当地的自闭症支持服务以获取更多信息。
获得诊断的成本是多少？
获得自闭症诊断的费用因年龄、地点和方法而异。以下是一些有关您可用的财务支持的信息。
是否有在线自闭症诊断测试？
不。孤独症只能由专业医生诊断。您可以在此处了解有关诊断过程的更多信息。
我应该在什么年龄得到诊断？
你可以在任何年龄寻求自闭症诊断。虽然由具有自闭症专业知识的卫生专业人员进行可靠的诊断，但最常见的诊断发生在孩子18个月或18个月以上时。
孤独症诊断等待时间是多少？
诊断的等待时间因州和地区以及用于诊断的诊断服务而异。
How do you tell someone that you are autistic?
It is up to you how you choose to talk about your autistic identity. You may find it useful to explain what autism is in a simple way, so that people understand what you mean by “autism”. For a simple definition of autism go to our what is autism page. You may also find it useful to seek help of an autism advocate, who can assist you to speak to people such as your teachers, boss, colleagues or friends about autism, and how it specifically relates to you, your relationships and environment.
支持与服务
我能通过政府获得哪些收入支持？
The Australian Government provides a range of financial and income supports for autistic children, teenagers and adults, and their carers including the NDIS.
如何为我的孩子查找服务？
访问我们的支持和服务页面，了解有关澳大利亚各地为自闭症儿童和成人提供的自闭症支持服务的更多信息。
我的孩子能上学吗？
Yes. There are endless schooling options for autistic children. Each educational sector has its own eligibility requirements, which are often based on the support needs such as any co-occurring conditions, additional needs such as low vision/hearing, location, and availability.
要求学校解释您可用的选项，并与您的孩子、教师和卫生专业人员讨论您孩子的最佳选择。
如何找到职业治疗师？
有关职业治疗的详细信息，访问我们的职业治疗页面，您可以在那里找到链接的职业治疗澳大利亚网站，该网站列出了在澳大利亚注册的 OT。
如何找到言语病理学家？
有关言语病理学家的详细信息，访问我们的言语病理学页面，您可以在这里找到澳大利亚言语病理学网站的链接，该网站列出了澳大利亚注册的言语病理学家。
如何找到精神病医生？
有关精神病医生的详细信息，访问我们的精神病医生页面，您可以找到链接皇家澳大利亚和新西兰精神病学学院网站，列出在澳大利亚注册的精神病医生。
学校提供哪些支持？
Each state and territory school sector (Government, Catholic or Independent) offers different types of support for autistic students. Support available to your child is dependent on a number of factors. Find out more at our autism support in school years page.
自闭症患者有工作吗？
There are a number of support options available to help people on the autism spectrum to find and maintain work if needed. One of the best places to start is the Inclusive Employment Australian program, aimed at specifically support people with disabilities and autistic jobseekers to find and secure meaningful jobs. Inclusive Employment Australia | Department of Social Services.
为患有自闭症的孩子做父母是什么样的？
每个人的孤独症经历都不一样。在某些情况下，您可能会发现，在情感和/或身体上，支持自闭症孩子的需求可能要求很高。下面是社区中可能为您提供帮助的支持服务列表。
我在哪里可以得到自闭症的帮助？
There are a range of support services available to assist you, or your child or dependent on the autism spectrum. Start with our support and services page for specific services for your age group or needs.
什么是早期干预？
Children who are diagnosed as autistic before the age of seven can benefit from what is called ‘early intervention’. Early intervention combines practices, interventions and therapies that help children develop skills that can improve their quality of life. Early intervention can be important because new skills are much easier to learn when you’re very young.
什么行为疗法是最好的？
Behavioural practitioners or psychologists can help you address behaviours of concern, and identify the best therapeutic approach for you and/or your autistic child.
什么是喘息？
Respite，也称为短期住宿，为某人提供从几个小时到几周不等的一段时间（团体或单独）照顾你的孩子或成人受抚养人的选项。休息可以让你休息，充电，照顾自己或其他孩子很短的时间，以有利于你自己和你的孩子或受抚养者。
自闭症谱系障碍患者能独立生活吗？
Yes. Many autistic people need little or no support in living independently. There are a range of accommodation and housing options available for individuals who required support to live independently.
战略与干预
与自闭症儿童合作有哪些策略？
For a list of autism resources for teachers and carers working with autistic children, go to our resources page.
我如何帮助自闭症儿童？
You can help autistic children by getting involved in support services in the community, or by becoming an autism advocate.
我在哪里可以找到自闭症的积极支持策略？
Visit our strategies and interventions page for a full list of positive strategies to support people on the autism spectrum.
为自闭症学生提供教学策略？
For a list of autism resources for teachers working with autistic children, go to our classroom resources list on our resources page.
你如何向孩子们解释自闭症？
有很多方法可以做到这一点，但我们建议坚持事实，并解释什么是孤独症在一个简单和积极的方式。如我们网站的自闭症页面所述。关于一个澳大利亚家庭如何向儿子介绍自闭症概念的第一手例子，请访问：我的兄弟汤姆：汉娜·尼尔。
一般
世界自闭症意识日是哪一天？
世界自闭症意识日是每年的4月2日。
为什么孤独症现在比过去几十年更普遍？
While the reported prevalence of autism has seen a clear increase in the number of people diagnosed in recent years, this doesn’t necessarily suggest that there are more autistic people in the world now. Evidence suggests that the increase is the result of a number of cultural and clinical factors, including greater awareness of autism, and improved diagnostic procedures. Changes in diagnostic criteria has also meant that the broader spectrum of symptoms is now recognised.
我在哪里可以找到自闭症慈善机构？
进入我们的资源页面，查找澳大利亚自闭症服务提供商的列表，他们将能够提供有关慈善活动、组织和筹款活动的当地信息。
在哪里可以找到自闭症训练？
Autism SA has developed the Autism Friendly Charter which is a free online training that you can access. Autism SA also offered training sessions for the community. Go to our resources page to find a list of Australian autism service providers, many of whom offer autism training services.
我在哪里可以找到自闭症书籍？
访问我们的资源页面，查找图书列表以及购买图书的位置。
我在哪里可以找到自闭症儿童的书？
访问我们的资源页面，查找儿童书籍列表以及购买儿童书籍的位置。
对自闭症的研究是什么？
世界各地正在对自闭症进行重大研究，包括自闭症的病因、患病率、策略和干预以及相关的共同条件。阅读我们的自闭症页面，了解完整的概述。
How should I refer to people that have autism?
Ask them how they would like to be referred to. Some people like to be referred to as “autistic” while other prefer to be referred to as a “person on the autism spectrum”. Some like to say they are “on the spectrum”, while many prefer the term “neurodivergent”.
我在哪里可以了解更多关于自闭症的？
前往我们的主页，并使用搜索功能找出任何您可能需要了解的东西。