自闭症患者的职业治疗师

什么是职业治疗师？

职业治疗师（OTs）专注于促进健康、福祉和独立，使有损伤、残疾或障碍的人能够从事日常活动。这些活动包括自我照料活动、生产活动（学校和工作）和社会活动。

职业治疗师如何帮助自闭症患者？

许多 OT 对与自闭症谱系患者合作有着特殊的兴趣，并在自闭症患者的评估和计划开发方面发展了经验和知识。

OT与家长、教师和其他护理人员密切合作，实施战略，帮助自闭症儿童在儿童保育、幼儿园和学校环境中发展技能。他们还可以帮助成年人完善诸如运动技能、社交技能或组织技能等。

职业治疗可以提供治疗干预，以解决自闭症患者独立生活所需的社会和功能生活技能。

在一个人生活的不同阶段，需要不同的技能。OTs 可能最初评估自闭症儿童或成人的日常生活和休闲技能，并确定这些日常活动如何影响其独立性。

然后，OT 将根据个人需求制定治疗方案，并着手在一对一或小组的基础上发展他们的技能。

职业治疗的关键领域包括：

Daily living skills – mealtime skills, dressing, bathing, toileting, sleeping. For older children or adults this may include tasks such as catching public transport, managing money and meal preparation.
Play and leisure skills – how to play with toys, playing together, engaging in age appropriate leisure activities, development of social skills to interact with others and build relationships. This can also include construction skills (using Lego, Duplo, puzzles or model trains); doll dressing and manipulation; and IT use, such as using a mouse or stylus on an iPad or a personal computer.
Sensory processing – how the person recognises and processes information from their senses – taste, touch, sound, smell, body awareness and movement. This includes assessing how these sensory difficulties will have an impact on an autistic person’s daily life.
精细电机技能：
- Play – using two hands together, colouring-in, drawing, threading, writing, using tools, managing fastenings, using scissors.
- Self-care – dressing (tying shoelaces, doing up sandals, zips, buttons, belts), using cutlery, opening a lunch box or food bag; and personal hygiene such as cleaning teeth, brushing hair and toileting and using money.
Gross motor skills – such as crawling, sitting up, running, jumping, hopping, skipping, body awareness, coordination, climbing.
Managing organisational skills, stress and anxiety – such as engaging within the community and interacting with other people.
Work skills (for adults) – such as analysing work demands, setting work plans and developing appropriate skills related to jobs.